Has Many
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Has Many

has many 与另一个模型建立了一对多的连接。 不同于 has one,拥有者可以有零或多个关联模型。

例如,您的应用包含 user 和 credit card 模型,且每个 user 可以有多张 credit card。

// User 有多张 CreditCard,UserID 是外键
type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  CreditCards []CreditCard
}

type CreditCard struct {
  gorm.Model
  Number string
  UserID uint
}

重写外键

要定义 has many 关系,同样必须存在外键。 默认的外键名是拥有者的类型名加上其主键字段名

例如,要定义一个属于 User 的模型,则其外键应该是 UserID

此外,想要使用另一个字段作为外键,您可以使用 foreignKey 标签自定义它:

type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  CreditCards []CreditCard `gorm:"foreignKey:UserRefer"`
}

type CreditCard struct {
  gorm.Model
  Number    string
  UserRefer uint
}

重写引用

GORM 通常使用拥有者的主键作为外键的值。 对于上面的例子,它是 UserID 字段。

为 user 添加 credit card 时,GORM 会将 user 的 ID 字段保存到 credit card 的 UserID 字段。

同样的,您也可以使用标签 references 来更改它,例如:

type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  MemberNumber string
  CreditCards  []CreditCard `gorm:"foreignKey:UserNumber;references:MemberNumber"`
}

type CreditCard struct {
  gorm.Model
  Number     string
  UserNumber string
}

多态关联

GORM 为 has onehas many 提供了多态关联支持,它会将拥有者实体的表名、主键都保存到多态类型的字段中。

type Dog struct {
  ID   int
  Name string
  Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;"`
}

type Toy struct {
  ID        int
  Name      string
  OwnerID   int
  OwnerType string
}

db.Create(&Dog{Name: "dog1", Toy: []Toy{{Name: "toy1"}, {Name: "toy2"}}})
// INSERT INTO `dogs` (`name`) VALUES ("dog1")
// INSERT INTO `toys` (`name`,`owner_id`,`owner_type`) VALUES ("toy1","1","dogs"), ("toy2","1","dogs")

您可以使用标签 polymorphicValue 来更改多态类型的值,例如:

type Dog struct {
  ID   int
  Name string
  Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;polymorphicValue:master"`
}

type Toy struct {
  ID        int
  Name      string
  OwnerID   int
  OwnerType string
}

db.Create(&Dog{Name: "dog1", Toys: []Toy{{Name: "toy1"}, {Name: "toy2"}}})
// INSERT INTO `dogs` (`name`) VALUES ("dog1")
// INSERT INTO `toys` (`name`,`owner_id`,`owner_type`) VALUES ("toy1","1","master"), ("toy2","1","master")

Has Many 的 CURD

查看 关联模式 获取 has many 相关的用法

预加载

GORM 可以通过 Preload 预加载 has many 关联的记录,查看 预加载 获取详情

自引用 Has Many

type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  Name      string
  ManagerID *uint
  Team      []User `gorm:"foreignkey:ManagerID"`
}

外键约束

你可以通过为标签 constraint 配置 OnUpdateOnDelete 实现外键约束,在使用 GORM 进行迁移时它会被创建,例如:

type User struct {
  gorm.Model
  CreditCards []CreditCard `gorm:"constraint:OnUpdate:CASCADE,OnDelete:SET NULL;"`
}

type CreditCard struct {
  gorm.Model
  Number string
  UserID uint
}

你也可以在删除记录时通过 Select 来删除 has many 关联的记录,查看 Delete with Select 获取详情